· April 8, by admin Example essay that deals in a few words with the topic of Peace. It is an argumentative literary essay with introduction, development, conclusions, and references. Essay title: “Is it possible to achieve world peace?” · The following essay argues that these limitations are indeed true and that the model of liberal peace is highly invasive. This argument will be made using empirical evidence from the intervention in Cambodia and the main academic debates on liberal peacebuilding · 10 Lines on Peace and Harmony Essay in English Peaceful dialogues are comparatively more helpful during dispute resolving and negotiations. The word peace is derived from the Anglo-French term ‘pes’ which means agreement, peace, silence or reconciliation. Harmony is Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins
Essay on World Peace - Words
Apple Pay is the easiest and most secure way to pay on Gradesfixer in Safari. Home — Essay Samples — History — World History — The peacebuilding process, essays about peace. After the end of the Cold War, the achievement of sustainable peace in post-conflict regions became a top priority for the international community. Rising numbers of internal conflicts around the world caused enormous loss of lives and threatened regional and global stability. Concerns over the high percentage of civilian casualties, refugee essays about peace and the spillover effects of these regional frictions launched a new era of interventionism in international relations.
The efforts of preventing recurring violence and creating the conditions for long-lasting peace in the post-conflict regions became known as peacebuilding. However, essays about peace, building essays about peace peace in war-torn societies proved to be a challenging task and many of the peacebuilding operations led by global actors such as the United Nations UN have failed to deliver the expected results, essays about peace.
The main debates relating to peacebuilding have evolved around the liberal democratic model, its invasive nature, and the shortcomings of its implementation. As Chandler argues, essays about peace, essays about peace two major flaws in peacebuilding are the biased conceptualization of liberal peace and the flawed implementation of the liberal peacebuilding process. The following essay argues that these limitations are indeed true and that the model of liberal peace is highly invasive, essays about peace.
This argument will be made using empirical evidence from the intervention in Cambodia and the main academic debates on liberal peacebuilding. Cambodia is the first occasion where the UN officially took over the administration of an independent country for the creation of lasting peace and thus constitutes a unique case study for exploring the problems with peacebuilding.
The analysis will first briefly defining the term, explaining the liberal approach and the different gradations. It will then outline the main criticisms and limitations of the process and then engage with the case study. In the aftermath of the Cold War and due to the predominance of the Western ideology the most widely accepted way of conducting the peacebuilding process became through the liberal peace framework.
The framework combines the establishment of democracy, essays about peace, development, essays about peace of law and free markets Mandelbaum, 6; Duffield, 11; Paris, because it suggests that states are more driven to cooperate with other states due to the economic ties and interdependence. The establishment of democracy also became vital due to the democratic peace argument that classifies democracies as more peaceful and law-abiding than other political systems.
The main objectives are self-sustaining peace in which violence is avoided by conforming to international and western models of governance. The above liberal assumptions are consistent with most policy documentations relating to peace and security United Nations, Traditional peacebuilding involves top-down approaches to development and foreign-led administration of political, essays about peace, military or economic domains in the post-conflict region.
This model of peacebuilding has been widely criticized as an alien form of hegemony due to its minimal initiatives for local involvement. In order to overcome such limitations, liberal operations have been increasingly involving more local actors in the process. This approach is known as the local turn in peacebuilding and involves initiatives for local ownership and close cooperation between local elites and foreign actors in administration and the established liberal institutions.
Although this model follows a more — bottom down approach and is more inclusive of local cultures, it still seeks to achieve a linear application and transmission of western objectives and norms into the newly built institutions.
Such an example would be the failure of the peace and reconciliation process conducted during the Sierra Leone intervention. elaborate The Cambodian peacebuilding essays about peace constitutes a unique case study that illustrates the core limitations of liberal peacebuilding, essays about peace.
For the first time in history, the UN took over the administration of an independent country essays about peace such a large-scale state-building effort.
Other goals included the drafting of a new constitution, essays about peace, the control of the administrative apparatus, essays about peace, the disarmament and ceasefire in the post-conflict regions, the maintenance of human rights and the resettlement of refugees.
What the international community expected was that if transparent and democratic elections were carried out that would result in a power-sharing system and thus help calm down the power struggle and political conflict. In addition, the establishment of liberal economy and liberal institutions would contribute to stability and lay the foundations for a lasting peace, essays about peace.
This assigned UNTAC with a gigantic state-building task. The intervention initiated in can be characterized as a traditional liberal peacebuilding operation, as described above, due to the centralized and foreign-led administration, the minimum local involvement and the transmission of western understandings of good governance an democratic values. Some NGOs and other independent actors did engage in more local approaches but the biggest part of the interventions was administered by purely outside forces.
The mission assigned to UNTAC was a form of social restructuring and state-building, based on liberal principles and the belief that the only way to achieve lasting peace was through democratization.
This pioneering attempt was expected to achieve its ambitious objectives within a short time frame. The new government would be powerful, representative and able to essays about peace the Cambodian population without the need for arms use and violence. Moreover, essays about peace, human and political rights would be protected by the state and the liberal economy and capitalist practices would ensure the economic freedom and empowerment of the civil society.
Indeed, the peacebuilding intervention did accomplish some positive outcomes for Cambodia. They have helped empower the civil society through their monetary aid and have contributed to the overall functioning of liberal peace.
In fact, figures presented by Pact show over four hundred NGOs being active in Essays about peace. The task of carrying out the elections can also be deemed successful since over ninety percent of Cambodians voted to essays about peace a new government. The refugee resettlement also delivered astonishing results with almostindividuals essays about peace repatriated Doyle, The armed conflicts had ended and the UNTAC mission was able to withdraw having achieved their short-term goals giving credibility to the Western methods and the liberal peace concept.
With the departure of UNTAC, there was open room left for other actors to take over the tasks previously performed by the UN administration. A plethora of peacebuilding actors emerged to continue the organizational tasks and ensure the continuation of liberal peace. International financial institutions such as the IMF, essays about peace, NGO groups and other international actors became increasingly involved and between and more than 4 billion essays about peace dollars were given to Cambodia essays about peace the form of funding Peou, Loans intended for the boosting of the economy were provided by these international actors and Cambodia saw an average annual economic growth rate of 4.
However, besides these significant successes, the peacebuilding exercise can only be evaluated by the assessment of its primary goals: achieving long-lasting peace, good governance, effective democratization, rule of law, essays about peace, human rights maintenance and a powerful civil society. Democratization proved to be a difficult task for the UNTAC administration. Essays about peace they formally achieved to carry out the elections ofthat was not enough to prove that a consolidation of the democratic process was established.
They only acted as a superficial remedy and did not cure the dictatorial elements deeply embedded essays about peace the native political tradition. In the following elections and with the fear of being defeated he managed to destroy the two most powerful opposition parties, namely the Sam Rainsy Party and the FUNCINPEC, essays about peace, in order to once again cheat the system. These instabilities in the democratization process can be attributed to the uniqueness of the Cambodian traditional political system in which power and violence often converge.
International actors often fail to embrace or build on existing political or economic practices of the local populations during the process of peacebuilding. As in the case of Cambodia, the indigenous structures were discarded as completely dysfunctional even though some of them were indeed suitable for the local needs.
The recommended liberal model of governance allowed exactly that under the assumption that the democratically elected government would be of unbiased nature, without aspirations of exploiting power.
The struggle for power has not essentially stopped but rather facilitated through the establishment of foreign institutions. International donors, NGOs, and other agencies filled the space left by the UN-led administration and acted as a support mechanism for sustaining the imposed liberal model, essays about peace.
The frustration caused by the ineffective government and the epidemic of corruption lead the donors to direct their funding towards NGOs instead of the state authorities. Limited indigenous involvement further escalates the problem since the government is stripped of the knowledge and expertise required to perform its tasks independently in the future, essays about peace.
The corruption and failing local administration led the IMF and the World Bank to impose conditionality on their monetary loans. Essays about peace regards to the rule of law in the post-intervention Cambodia society, the problem of corruption is once again present.
The hierarchical social and political infrastructure of the country allows for deceit at every level of the daily life in Cambodia, essays about peace. A study of the Social Development Centre revealed that even in the aftermath of the intervention corrupt practices stretched from public services to education and judiciary establishments Nissen, The monopoly of power aided by the democratization allowed further development of top-down networks and patronage.
These corrupted practices are of course observed in western countries too and are unavoidable bugs of liberalism, but their development in environments whit scarce resources renders the problem even more severe. Clientelism and patronage were thus not aided by the intervention but rather further encouraged by the monopoly of power. Human rights have also had a somehow problematic application in the Cambodian society. Reports showcase severe political and human rights deficiencies in the country.
Nissen, These problems have triggered more interventionism by the UN, which in launched a development assistance framework for Cambodia. The self-sustaining promise of the liberal peace initiative has thus failed to ensure the promotion of human rights without the need for foreign assistance or supervision. The difficulty in the maintenance of human rights is a common pattern in international intervention efforts.
Despite the dysfunctional infrastructure and or corruption working against their promotion, human rights as conceived by the West are not always what local population envisions.
There is a common misconception of the universal applicability or desire of such norms. In many cases, such as in Cambodia, the indigenous population has had a different understanding of what rights are and thus Western models lack demand in such environments. Differences in education, a cultural experience or local elite structures all create this gap between what the West expects and what the civil society calls for.
Moreover, essays about peace, as far as liberal economic principles are concerned, Cambodia has once again failed to yet achieve the essays about peace economic prosperity. The democratization of the markets highly depends on healthy competition between actors, but in the Cambodian context, this translated into the takeover of the resourced by the political elite who did not engage or promote its distribution to accomplish a balance in civil society capital share.
Thus liberal economics helped stretch the gap between the rich and poor further worsening inequalities. All in all, the above analysis helps paint the essays about peace of what the limitations of peacebuilding are in practice and in theory and why the liberal model is seen as invasive.
The intervention efforts in Cambodia saw the UNTAC mission depart prematurely, having assumed that the initial success of the elections would ensure lasting peace and balance of power, essays about peace. Such top-down, outside-in approaches to peacebuilding fail to deliver the expected results. They often suffer from poor coordination and insufficient intervention. The rapid transformation of post-conflict societies leads to the problematic implementation of democratic governance models.
Rushed elections, although superficially successful, they result in worsening of tensions and power abuses, essays about peace. Moreover, the economic transition to liberal principles without the establishment of sufficient safeguards stretches the economic gap between elites and civil society. As for the theoretical concept of liberal peace itself, it often showcases the lack of understanding of local politics or post-conflict society dynamics.
The Western understanding of good governance and human rights does not always coincide with the local essays about peace. Basing the state-building process on such one-sided notions is highly invasive to indigenous structures. The complete disregard of local ways of conducting politics as dysfunctional leads to the problematic application of Weberian state models alien to the post-conflict communities.
Liberal economics, loans, and conditionality remove the agency from the local apparatus and create long-term dependency upon foreign direction. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student, essays about peace. Sorry, copying essays about peace not allowed on our website. We will occasionally send you account related emails. This essay is not unique, essays about peace.
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Peace is generally considered to always be a direct result of warfare. However, this will not always be the case. By evaluating two case studies, namely the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Persian Gulf War, through the analysis of sources, it can be seen that The Relationship Between Globalization and Peace · 10 Lines on Peace and Harmony Essay in English Peaceful dialogues are comparatively more helpful during dispute resolving and negotiations. The word peace is derived from the Anglo-French term ‘pes’ which means agreement, peace, silence or reconciliation. Harmony is Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins What Is The Last Peace Day Essay Words | 4 Pages. sister and older brother before. My family wasn’t rich but we had peace and happy life. We love each other. But one day our past life became a dream. I could remember that is a horrific night. When I fell asleep, the alarm rang. My family and I woke up in immediately. My sister was afraid and cried
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